Wednesday, May 11, 2011

Both enemy and friend of Ito Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang

Ito Hirobumi was Japan's first Prime Minister of the Cabinet, had four cabinet. As the father of the Meiji constitution, he also was the first President of the Privy Council, Academy of nobility. Ito during a Cabinet, Japan had flagrantly launched the Sino-Japanese war, and the defeated Qing dynasty, has since become the number one power in East Asia. At that moment, known as the Qing dynasty "zhongxing famous official of" Li Hongzhang into a life of frustration, the most lonely position. May Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi are natural rivals China and Japan, they fight on the battlefield, these remarks in the negotiations and, away from the public, back and behind the scenes, two alert phase pity, which have forged both as adversaries and into life′s special origin.

In April 1885, Ito Hirobumi by Korean "coup d ' état of the monkey", as the Japan Government plenipotentiaries, came to Tianjin with Li Hongzhang's talks. The negotiation of the Treaty of Tianjin in China and Japan, the core content is, daily average not coaching staff in the DPRK, North Korea if it has changed, and significant events in the future, or a State to send troops to the two countries should be mutual language tell. This actually gives Japan enjoy the same rights as the sovereign State China in the North, but also for the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war buried facilitates. Years when, Li Hongzhang 62, Ito 44 years old. This is the first time two people pull the wrist. Look at 18 years younger than his opponent, Li Hongzhang's somewhat mixed feelings. To this end, he submitted a secret report to the zongli Yamen--only the michenyiteng ruling, considered Ito Hirobumi "until there was a ruling", "about ten years inside and outside Japan, prosperous, there will be substantial." It should be said that Li Hongzhang's eye is more sensitive. In December of that year, Prof Itoh Japan Prime Minister and Minister for in utero, and working on the Constitution.

Time to a Flash and after 10 years, when the two meet again, Li Hongzhang is old old man of seventy years of age, year of Ito Hirobumi also took Zhiming. Is more as if GeSHi, met 10 years ago, clash of the two men are relatively equal, this already universe turned back. In February 1895, the Qing dynasty suffered after the Sino-Japanese war fiasco, Li Hongzhang was appointed as sole Minister, going to Japan peace. On Li Hong-Zhang, Ito gave respect; but the Qing Empire, he is threatening with war. Although knows that the Court of Qing dynasty cede territory back compensation payments are hiding however, let Li Hongzhang do, play by ear. Li Hongzhang was "knowing they can not be", "win a sub have a benefit." After a lajushi trial in third after negotiations, Li Hongzhang was on the way back to the place of assassination, world public opinion for the uproar, Japan only slightly convergent condition of peace talks. Ito will China eventually 300,000,002 silver adjustable to cent of compensation amounts from the previous, ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the Taiwan Penghu requirements is not a concession, requested Li Hongzhang "but allow and disallow two sentences". Ju, I fish. Li Hongzhang's telegram, Qing court consent order "is before compliance purpose and make". On March 23, the official signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki.

Let us listen to Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi in chat during the negotiation of the Treaty. On reform of the Qing dynasty, and Prof Itoh said: "ten years ago when I was in Tianjin, and chudo talked about, what has not changed? The Minister was deeply sorry! "Li Hongzhang can only sigh:" Minister of smell when you talk about the dimension of this very admired. And deep service your Minister of forces for change, that this. Constrained by custom in China, could not be successful. Persuade your Minister at that time, cloud China a vast country with an immense population, various political changes should come from. This soon over ten years, remained Secretary of State for the more sorry! Heart, insufficient force. Your soldiers will be noted that according to the West by training, is essential. The political, our new js. The Secretary of State for this phase on the Beijing and scholar-officials, are also well aware that our country should be changed in order to stand. "Ito:" the ways of Heaven are impartial, but Germany is. Your country, and Huangtian over, will be able to support your wish. People under the cover of days without any bias, to States for the ear! ”

Although each for their country, and in that time, Ito Hirobumi more great invasion of damaged China's interests, but in terms of personal relationships, he and Li Hongzhang was quite right. Li Hongzhang said: "if I lived in your Minister, Secretary of State for fear not if you do a productive! "Prof Itoh said:" If the Secretary of State for your shoes, then when more notable achievements. "Lihongzhanglian:" your Minister to, by the Secretary of State for all of this for. So make the shoes of, who is known in China it is beyond description. "Prof Itoh said:" to enable the Minister in your country cannot take the Crown. Where high is a difficult thing, many taboos, our country also alone or else! "He may comfort Li Hongzhang, defeat of Sino-Japanese war, not the Anhui people's problems (Li Wei, Hefei, Anhui), but a Chinese problem.

It should be said that with the signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki, Ito Hirobumi at the strategic level is no longer the great Qing Empire as the enemy, or even want it to take this strong political reform. Because since the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, Japan was actively "breaking away from Asia to Europe", there are still many "KOA" doctrine. They think Asia is the Asian people of Asian, Western powers are Japan's main enemy, so China can against the invasion of white people. Japan has the responsibility to safeguard and help the Chinese, but the Qing Government was too corrupt, you must call it pain bring under control, Alliance again. Ito Hirobumi on the whole this kind of attitude, he said: "China strong, Japan can be strong. China, Japan to good. "In fact, nearly 10 years after Sino-Japanese war, the Qing dynasty intellectuals not only failed to form a strong Japan anti-Japanese sentiment, but to rise to Japan to study and learn from the wave of Sino-Japanese relations have been friendly. During the reform movement, the Qing Government had planned to hire Ito Hirobumi and United Kingdom missionary litimotai served as Advisor. In September 1898, Ito to visit China in their private capacity, 20th, summoned by the Guangxu Emperor. The second day, reform movement coup, the Empress Dowager Cixi to appear on the Court again "political tutelage", Guangxu emperor was kept. Liang Qi-Chao fled Japan Embassy, Japan Minister Lin Quanzhu Tokyo, without instruction, bewildered. Prof Itoh stance is the scene: "then save him! Save he fled to Japan, such as to Japan, let me take care of him. The young Leung, on China, it is a valuable character. ”

Those days, met Ito Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang. When Li Hongzhang vertical getting on in years, and years at the age of 75. And Prof Itoh is 57 years old, he was arrested came to Zhang yinhuan intercede. Zhang yinhuan by Li Hongzhang's hand cultivation, has today as a representative to the Court of Qing negotiations in the Sino-Japanese war. But Li Hongzhang was once disgraced, but Zhang yinhuan consciously wings hard, Li You cutting means. When the reform movement, he was transferred to Management Directorate General of mines, railways, Metropolitan, persons belonging to the reform, so after the coup d ' état was implicate. Prof Itoh's face, Li Hongzhang was sold, and he to Zhang yinhuan bail. Zhang yinhuan was not beheaded, lighter banish Xinjiang after processing. Of course, do not know whether it is a good thing, "the reform movement of six gentlemen" would be "bourgeois seven gentlemen", Zhang yinhuan is better known for something. Pick a life of Zhang yinhuan, just drag-and-a few breaths, in 1900, was killed. On this trip to China, Yi Tengceng talked about his thoughts: "China's reform is not impossible. But in so the majority of the country, for thousands of years of inherited cultural relic system effectively, customs reform, is not an overnight could do it. To reform resolution, I think it is important to have a very British monarchs and assist a ruler in governing a country figures, like revolution to overhaul can. ”

In October 1909, Ito Hirobumi again came to Northeast China, he has not met with Li Hongzhang. 8 years ago, on September 7, 1901, Li Hongzhang on behalf of the Daqing oil lamp blight and after 11 countries signed the Treaty of hard, "productive cough is not supported, can neither eat nor drink", ultimately leaving "and well outside, Netu prosperity" intentions of die. But ITO has not forgotten the old rival and friend, on October 23 and Dong Feng xiliang by the Governor of the three-day talks, he referred to Li Hongzhang again: "I am in your plan, planned by heart, do not start today. Back from the reign of 11 years (1885), and Li wenzhong (Li Hongzhang) meet, come to bilateral relations, your total shall seek to reform and self-strengthening, parties can share the peace of the Orient. Loyal, Chen said, wenzhong is critical. Wait till the reign of 24 years (1898) visited your country, meet the Beijing parent your old, come to Asian development trend of the relationship between the two countries, very desirable reform try to survive in your country, can have mercy. Then all your old salt thought so, allowed for political reform. Unexpectedly perhaps implemented, so that today, I am love. Your party now penetrate non-political reform not to strong, before a new deal in recent years, I am willing to have you all seek fundamentally strong, the Government should bear the responsibility, the executive authorities to well-organized, not halfway to abort. Trying to move forward, or later. I interested, if it can be self in your country, Japan. "Of course, Ito discourse does not necessarily Temple dew voice, after all, that is typical of the diplomatic compound. Listen to his words, the more their deeds, but history will no longer give him the opportunity to test. Just 3 days, in heavily guarded Harbin station, when Prof Itoh out of the train when reviewing the Qing army and the Russian military honor guard from Japan merchant teams rushed in a Korean youth, to Ito even fired three shots. Each bullet is an exact hit, and Ito Hirobumi that the ghost killed.

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